All Eritrean martyrs have a story behind them. In addition, we have the disabled, crippled and deformed survivors to remind Eritreans of the hell they went through. Eritreans need them. Yes, they need them around… for they need to be reminded about the sufferings and the price they had to pay for self-determination and freedom.
Individual Martyrs are representatives of many like them. They remind us of the so many who left with them. It is with this spirit that we remember Sabbe, the famous Osman Saleh Sabbe. Would you imagine any politician during the period of the Eritrean armed struggle who was ridiculed as much as Sabbe was? He was wronged alive and he is still being wronged almost thirty years after his death.
Thanks to his diplomatic acumen, Sabbe was instrumental in getting the first batch of arms to Awate when he ignited the armed struggle. Later, the Eritrean Liberation Army’s capabilities were upgraded, again, thanks to Sabbe who managed to get the first group of fighters trained in China and Cuba. Sabbe opened the gates of the Arab world and later, those gates became the source of military training, Arms supply, Financial assistance and scholarships. His tactful and calculating diplomacy is something we miss in Eritrea today. In a world of Bi-Polar politics, Sabbe managed to navigate through the corridors of power and influence not hindered by the difficulties that he had to face. His resolve was strong and undoubtedly, a determined patriotic.
Osman Saleh Sabbe (Sabbe) was one of the main leaders of the Eritrean struggle and more than any other leader, he succeeded in exposing the Eritrean struggle to the world. His smart diplomacy enabled the Eritrean revolution to send young combatants to many countries, including Cuba and China. Thanks to Sabbe, many were Eritreans were trained in China, including the present Eritrean dictator Isaias Afwerki.
The fifth of eight siblings, Sabbe was born in Hirgigo in 1932. From a young age, his restlessness, fluency, and mental agility were visible and that attracted the attention of his father’s maternal uncle Kadi [Judge] Hassan Osman with who Sabbe was very attached. The Kadi brought young Sabbe to the attention of the great philanthropist and educator Saleh Pasha Ahmed Kekia who became his mentor. From early on, Sabbe was exposed to the life of coastal Samhar and Dankalia where hi uncle Ismail’s boats traveled the coastal waters of Samhar and Dankalia and he visited most of the coastal towns of those regions including Zula, Irafale, and Bailul. He was also familiarized with the nomadic life of his uncles who took him along on their migratory trips between Hazamo and Gadam. In addition, his uncles as well as his elder brother Mohammed Ahmed and cousins familiarized him with their seafaring experiences.
In 1944, after completing Koranic studies, he joined the Hirgigo Charity School (Changed to Emperor Haile Sellassie I School in 1950) built by Pasha Kikia who in 1950 sent him on a scholarship to Addis Ababa where he attended the Medhane Alem School. Later on he joined a one-year teacher’s training course and upon graduation in September, 1954 he became a teacher in Hirgigo School and in 1955 he became the director of the school. In June, 1956 he took the General Certificate of Education Exam of the University of London and continued correspondence education until and in 1959 he obtained a B.A.degree in History and Political Science.
Osman was reluctant to travel far to Ethiopia but his uncle and the Kadi and Saleh Pasha Kekia convinced him that if he wanted to work for the Eritrean independence, he should educate himself wherever he finds the opportunity. Thereafter, whenever he saw Eritreans engaging in any technical activity of developmental nature, he used to say “would it have not been better to carry such activities for the development of Eritrea?”
While in Addis Ababa, he convinced his friends to join him in a patriotic pact and in August, 1953 while he was at the Wingate School during, twenty-three them signed their pact in blood, and since then their mutual care, concern, support and love never wavered even under the strain of testing circumstances until his departure for eternal rest in 1987. But that pact among friends, and the general Eritrean struggle, culminated in the independent of Eritrea in 1991.
In June, 1957 Osman and his students were orphaned upon the death of Saleh Pasha Kekia, their patron and spiritual father. But the support system created by the Pasha and carried on with the help of his friends sent the first student group to Cairo. After seeing the students off in Khartoum Sabbe returned to resume his work, but a slower pace due to lack of funds. However, after the dispatch to Cairo of the first group of students around May, 1958, Mohammed Ali Budduho became their mentor.
Among those who were involved in helping the students and transferring the funds to Cairo via Yemen was Mohammed Ali Saleh Dafla, the EPLF veteran, who also carried letters Ahmed Abdulkadir Bashir, another Budduho friend. Ahmed Bashir was being followed by General Tedla Okbit’s security forces who found his letter and Sabbe’s letter with Dafla. Osman was arrested and severely beaten by the security officers. Luckily, General Zer’e Mariam Azazi intervened and saved Sabbe on bail and under his personal guarantee.
In July, 1958 Sabbe received a letter from Mohammed Ali Oumaru and his friends saying that they could not continue their trip to Cairo, because they ran out of funds. So, he had called one of the Addis pact signatories and made arrangements to have the money sent. Well, whoever came in contact with Osman would be convinced to be generous if he is not, and be more generous if he was.Osman was always bubbling with ideas who implementation required money. However, of all people his family was paying the heaviest price.
From then on he started to think of going full-time into political activism, although he knew that it was premature without preparing cadres—he decided to prepare for it while at home. However, by mid 1959 he concluded it was not doable and he decided to leave home and launch the struggle from abroad. Thus, in August, 1959 he boarded a ship from Massawa to Assab where he joined the Paul Ries shipping company as an assistant director. He remained there until the end of January 1960 when he crossed the Red Sea to Yemen. After a few weeks in Yemen, he found Mohammed Asmerawi, a truck owner from Sanafe, who smuggled him into Saudi Arabia where he found two of his co-signatories of the Addis pact, namely Osman Idris Khiar and Abdu Yassin Jumeil. He remained dedicated to the Eritrean struggle of independence until his death in Cairo, in April 4, 1987.
Sabbe always remained a politician who knew how to balance the interests of the Eritrean society with diverse regional interests. Unfortunately, his inclusive approach won him enemies from almost all political groups. The Labor Party of the ELF, which imported Marxism into Eritrean politics, considered Sabbe its primary enemy. He wanted to block the influence of Marxism in the ELF and many believe that he formed the PLF for that purpose. In a few years time, the PLF that he founded was taken over by Maoist oriented radicals. The PLF grew in number considerably due to military alliances. When he was convinced that the PLF has became another bastion of Marxism, he tried to fight it by yet, founding another force. In the seventies, Marxist ideas were so widespread and it was the only accepted political fad to the extent that his efforts to fight it did not bear fruit. He had to walk skillfully on the political rope: fighting Marxism and at the same time convincing the Arab world to support Eritrea’s struggle when the Arab World included Socialist Countries like Syria and Iraq. His problems overwhelmed him because both, the EPLF and the ELF concentrated their propaganda machines against him and portrayed him as a CIA agent, a Tribalist, a regionalist, and the sticking one, the Marxist equivalent of a ‘public enemy no. 1’: Reactionary!
Sabbe was also a literary giant; he is the only leader who spent time collecting materials and writing books. He has several published and unpublished books, mostly dealing with the History of Eritrea. The soft spoken and always smiling Sabbe was a giant among the giant martyrs of Eritrea—may God bless his soul.
In his Cairo deathbed on April 4, 1987, Sabbe gave his will: his wish to be buried in Eritrea, his country that he so much loved. Now, 29 years after his death, the wish that he made on his deathbed is not yet fulfilled. The remains of Sabbe are still buried in the Deserts of Sudan. A question arises: What keeps Sabbe’s remains there when he has clearly indicated his wish? Doesn’t he deserve to be brought home like the other remains that found their last resting place in the Martyrs Cemetery every where in Eritrea? Is it that expensive to bring his remains back to Eritrea and neither the government nor the society can afford it?
The late Dr Osman Mohammed Abubaker, who was Sabbe’s senior aide once said that he personally raised the issue of returning Sabbe’s remains with Isaias Afwerki. He was told that it is the responsibility of Sabbe’s family to bring his remains if they so wished. One would think that the consent of his family is needed; but Sabbe does not belong to his family only, he belongs to the whole of Eritrea.
NB: the above was compiled from an article by “Correnti” that was published by awate.com on Mar 27, 2002 and another piece by Saleh Johar that was published on Sep 24, 2000
From From Wikipedia.[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Saleh_Sabbe]
Osman Saleh Sabbe was born in 1932 in a village of Hirgigo in the suburb of Massawa. After attending local Islamic school, he joined Hirgigo primary school which was founded by Pasha Saleh Ahmed Kekia in 1944. After finishing elementary and middle school he traveled to Addis Ababa to complete his secondary school and attend teacher training college. While in Addis Ababa, he was active in establishing a Muslim student association.
After graduating from teacher training college, he returned to Hirgigo and worked as a teacher and later a principal of the school. Osman understood the importance of education and the lack of proper education institutes in Eritrea and especially in the lowlands of Eritrea, therefore he used to encourage and send his students to Sudan and Egypt in pursuit of further education.
Osman Saleh Sabbe has six children (2 sons and 4 daughters) & his brother Mahmoud Saleh Sabbe was one of the ELF prisoners who was freed by ELF operation from Adi Quala prison in February 1975. READ MORE
source The Intellectual Leader Osman Saleh Sabbe source http://awate.com/the-unsung-hero-osman-saleh-sabbe/
SYND 11 12 77 INTERVIEW IN ABU DHABI WITH ERITREAN LIBERATION FRONT LEADER OSMAN SALEH SABBE [YOUTUBE ]
ذكرى استشهاد الزعيم عثمان صالح سبي
04.04.1987
....
..ولادتــه ونشأتـه
ولد عثمان صالح سبي في قرية حرقيقو وذلك في عام 1931م. والتـحق بمدرسة حرقيـقو التـي افتتحت سنة 1944 م وذلك على حساب المحسن الكبير صالح باشـا أحـمد كيكيا والـذي كـان من الأثرياء المرموقين في ذلك الزمان، وكان مهتماً بالتعليم حيث أفتتح فصولاً للبنين والبنات فـي تلك المدرسة. كما أفتتح بها قسماً صناعياً. درس عثمان صالح سبي في هذه المدرسة المرحلتين الأولية والمتوسطة. وعلى نفقة الباشا صالح كيكيا درس المرحـلة الثـانوية في أديـس أبابا ثم التحق بكلية المعلمين هناك أيضا وأتم بها الدراسة. وعند عودته من أديس أبابا تم تعيـينه أستاذا بالمدرسة التي درس بها في حرقيقو. وفي مطلع الخمسينات من القرن الماضي تم تعيينه مديراً لنفس المدرسة.
اهتمامه بالتعليم ووعيه السياسي
أثناء دراسة سبي في أديس أبابا تعرف سبي على الكثيـرين من أبـناء القـوميات المقـهـورة والمهمـشة في أثيوبيا مثل الأورومو، الهرريين، الصومالييـن وغـيرهم. وبالتعـاون بيـنه وبينـهم فـقـد قاموا بتأسـيس " جمعية العروة الوثقى " للدفاع عن حقوقهم. وفي هذا المناخ بدأ ينضج وعيه السياسي. وهم كتبوا عهداً وميثاقاً بدمائهم، وهو عبارة عن مبادئهم للدفاع عن حقوقهم. كان عثمان سبي مهتماً بالتعليم منذ أن كان أستاذا ومديراً بمدرسة كيكيا باشا في حرقيقو. وعندما رأى بأن فرص التعليم في إرتريا شبه معدومة نتيجة السياسة الأثيوبية فأنه شرع في تهريب بعض طلابه من قرية حرقيقو إلى مصر. وكان يبعث بهؤلاء الطلاب إلى السودان سراً، حيث يقوم الأخوان المسلمون هناك باستقبالهم وتسهيل مواصلة سفرهم إلى مصر من أجل التعليم.
مغادرته اريتريا وتأسيس جبهة التحرير الإرترية
بالرغم ما كان يقوم به المعلم عثمان سبي في توعية وتعليم أبناء اريتريا إلا انه شعر بأن القضية التي تؤرقه تحتاج إلى توسيع نطاق الحركة والفعل، فخرج من حرقيقو صوب عصب وهناك عمل لمدة تقرب من العام مديراً لشركة سفن رايز وهي شركة أجنبية كانت تعمل في مجال تصدير واستيراد البضائع عبر ميناء عصب، ومن تلك المحطة غادر عبر البحر صوب اليمن التي أطلقت عنان وثبته إلى جدة ومنها أنتقل إلى عاصمة الصومال مقديشيو في العام 1960 وهناك أسس جمعية الصداقة الصومالية الإرترية وهناك أيضاً قويت علاقته بالشيخ الزعيم المرحوم إدريس محمد آدم وحصلا معاً على أول جوازات دبلوماسية تمنحها الصومال للإرتريين وفتحوا الباب للإرتريين لحمل الجوازات الصومالية، وانطلاقا من تلك المحطة بدأ الإعداد لتأسيس جبهة التحرير الإريترية التي وضعت الشعب الإرتري برمته أمام تاريخ جديد من البطولات والمآثر.
بعدها اتجه عثمان سبي إلى السعودية ومصر حيث التقى بالفعاليات الإرترية وغيرها. وكانت القاهرة قبل وصوله تشهد حركة سياسية نشطة للطلاب الإرتريين والتي انبثق منها البيان الأول لإعلان ميلاد نواة ثورة شعبية مسلحة لتحرير إرتريا سميت جبهة التحرير الإرترية يتمناً بجبهة التحرير الجزائرية وذلك في نوفمبر 1960م. ونسبة لعدم تفرغ الطلاب وقلة خبرتهم السياسية تم تكوين مجلس أعلى لقيادة الجبهة بقيادة الزعيم الوطني إدريس محمد آدم، وإدريس عثمان قلايدوس سكرتيراً عاماً وعثمان صالح سبي مسئولاً للعلاقات الخارجية وشئون الثورة وبهذا تأسست أول مؤسسة سياسية إرترية تتبنى الكفاح المسلح طريقاً للاستقلال.
عثمان وبداية الكفاح المسلح
عثمان سبي هو المعلم والزعيم، رائد الدّبلوماسيةِ الأريترية الأول. أشعل فتيل الكفاحَ المُسَلَّحَ بدعم فارس الرصاصة الأولى المجاهد الشهيد - هكذا نحسبه ولا نحسب على أحد - حامد إدريس عواتي، الذي دوت رصاصته معلنة إسدال ستارة الكفاح السلمي، وانطلاقة الكفاح المسلح في صبيحة يوم الجمعة 21 ربيع الأول 1381هـ الموافق الأول من سبتمبر 1961م.
و رغم الغموض الذي يكتنف ضربة البداية، وإرهاصات الثورة، فإن المصادر المؤكدة لإنطلاقة المجاهد حامد عواتي برفقة سبعة من الرجال لردع الظلم الذي لحق بالشعب الأريتري، أن السلاح وصل إليهم من الزعيم عثمان صالح سبي، ورئيس جبهة التحرير الأريترية الراحل إدريس محمد آدم – غفر الله لهما ورحمهما برحمة وسعت كل شيء. وأتفقت الأقوال حول مصدر السلاح، الذي تم شراؤه من السوق اليمني قبل سبعة أشهر من تاريخ الانطلاقة. ومن كتب السير والترجمة "نضالي مع الثورة الأريترية" للمجاهد محمد شيخ فرس، أوضح فيه القصة:" مكثت حوالي ثلاثة أشهر في عدن، وبعدها حضر ادريس وعثمان، وقابلني عثمان وشرح لي كل التفاصيل الهامة وأخبرني بعزمهما التوجه إلى الصومال ومنها إلى العراق لاستلام أسلحة من حاكم العراق أنذاك الرئيس عبد الكريم قاسم، واحضار هذه الأسلحة إلى عدن، حيث أقوم أنا بنقلها إلى أرتريا بالبحر. وكنت بانتظارهم حتى عادا، ولكن بدون أين يكون معهما السلاح....... وفي هذا الوقت كانت مع عثمان رسالة من المناضل حامد ادريس عواتي، يطلب فيها المدد الفوري، وكان عثمان، قد وعد بذلك بناء على وعد الرئيس العراقي. وطلب مني عثمان ايجاد حل بصفتي لدي معارف في عدن، وكذلك كان يعلم ان لدي حسابا في البنك الهندي في عدن، فطلب مني شراء السلاح من مالي الخاص حتى لا يتعرض لإحراج القيادة العسكرية، وأتفقت مع عثمان على شراء السلاح مناصفة، أدفع أنا جزءاً، ويتحمل هو الجزء الباقي، والجزء الذي كان يجب أن يدفعه عثمان، دفعه صديقي..، وذلك بكفالتي على أن يسدد له عثمان فيما بعد. وبعد الاتفاق اتجهنا ليلاً إلى محمية (دار سعد) وكان معي ادريس محمد آدم، وعثمان سبي والوسيط، وبعدها قمنا بفحص الأسلحة. وبعد التأكد من صلاحيتها أشترينا خمس بنادق من طراز أبو عشرة ماركة 4 وخمسة آلاف رصاصة. وأبدى ادريس محمد آدم رغبته في نقل السلاح لأنه كان يملك جواز سفر دبلوماسيا فحمل السلاح في حقيبته الدبلوماسية، وبقي معي عثمان وطلب الا يسافر خالي اليدين، فأشتريت من جيبي الخاص(7) مسدسات ومع كل مسدس(42) رصاصة".
بعد سبعة أشهر فقط تمكنت الثورة المسلحة بقيادة المجاهد حامد إدريس عواتي من تصعيد النضال المسلح في داخل أرتريا. وكانت الانطلاقة عند "سبي" مرحلة أولى تكتيكية للدبلوماسية التي أشعل فتيلها بحراك بين عدن ودمشق وبيروت في محورين الأول للحصول على الدعم السياسي والعسكري، والثاني إعلامي أستقر في محطة بيروت، التي شهدت المحاولة الثانية بشراء مسدسات وقنابل يدوية في رؤية أستراتيجية للزعيم للتعريف بالقضية الأريترية إعلامياً عبر منظمة العقاب الأرترية لمعاقبة المحتل بخطف طائراته التي تشكل عمود اقتصادياً إذا تم تدميره، فإن الخسارة كبيرة، ولن تكون أكبر من الصدمة النفسية عندما يقهر الأمن الأمبراطوري الأثيوبي القوي بعجزه عن حماية طائرته. وكانت لعملية تفجير طائرة الركاب الأثيوبية من طراز بوينغ 707 في مطار فرانكفورت بألمانيا الغربية ضجة إعلامية هوت بالكيان الأثيوبي وبلغت الخسائر ما يعادل 15 مليون دولار أثيوبي.
استطاع الزعيم سبي ورفاقه أن يحولوا مسيرة جبهة التحرير الإرترية من العمل العسكري فقط إلى آفاق ثورة شاملة ثم إلى مثابة حكومة تمثل دولة مستقلة بكل أركانها فهي كانت تمتلك جيشاً حديثاً لديه من الأسلحة الحديثة ما لم يتوفر لبعض الدول ويهيمن على الريف الإرتري بل وفي مراحل على أغلب المدن وأجهزة منظمة تعنى بكل متطلبات الحياة من تعليم وصحة وشئون اجتماعية ورعاية أسر المقاتلين وأجهزة قضاء وأمن وتوفير تسهيلات فرص العمل والإقامة للإرتريين بالخارج لا سيما الدول العربية والتمثيل في المنظمات الشعبية من اتحادات نقابية في كل المجالات في أغلب المحافل النقابية الدولية وكل المحافل العربية.
مساعيه من اجل القضية الاريترية
تمكن من سحب الاعتراف بالثورة من منظمات إقليمية ودولية مثل جامعة الدول العربية (1981) ومنظمة المؤتمر الإسلامي (1981) وعلي صعيد اللاجئين قام بتأسيس جهاز التعليم في عام 1976 ناشراً نعمة الخير والعلم وتمكن من خلاله الي إرسال المئات إن لم يكن الآلآف من الطلاب الي مختلف ارجاء المعمورة لتلقي المعرفة والعلم.
كتبه وصفاته
لقد كان المعلم عثمان أحد المثقفين الثوريين فبجانب كونه عرف بالذكاء والاتزان والمقدرة في الحوار فإنه أيضاً عرف باهتمامه بالتأليف والطبع والترجمة وتشجيع مختلف البحوث عن الجوانب المختلفة لإريتريا وقد أَعتبر مؤلفه (تأريخ إرتريا) من أهم الكتب عن تأريخ اريتريا وبالإضافة الي هذا الكتاب فإن له أربعة مؤلفات أخرى قيمة وهي :ـ (جغرافيا اريتريا) و(علاقة السودان بإثيوبيا عبر التأريخ) و(الصراع في حوض البحر الأحمر عبر التأريخ) و(جذور الخلافات الاريترية وطرق معالجتها).
هذا بالإضافة الي عشرات الدراسات والمقالات التي كتبها الشهيد في مختلف الصحف والمجلات الاريترية والعربية والعالمية. غرس المعلم عثمان صالح سبي في الوجدان القومي الأريتري أهمية الصمود بالعلم، ومن ثمارها وعبيرها أجيال التعليم الراسخة في ثقافتها العربية رغم رياح التغيير. ومن ثمارها وعبيرها هوية رافضة للانتماء لأي كيان خارج هوية أرتريا الإنسان والأرض ودماء الشهداء في وحدة واحدة مع نـبذ كل عوامل إضعاف الهوية الأريترية. فهو كان يجمع بين المعنيين في آن واحد قلما تجد في سبي شخصية الثائر تطغى بعنفوانها وقوتها وصرامتها وحزمها واندفاعها وإقدامها وحماسها على سبي الإنسان بطيبته وعفويته وسماحته وابتسامته التي لا تفارق شفتيه هاشا باشا في وجه من يلقاه كبيرا كان أو صغيرا قائدا أو جنديا عاديا كريما لا يترد في تلبية حاجة خاصة لمناضل طلبها دون منا عليه ولا أذى طالما هو قادر على تلبيتها حتى لو كان من خصومه السياسيين.
ثقافته وملامح من يومياته
كان عثمان سبي مثقف ثقافة موسوعية تجده في أغلب الأحيان بصحبته كتابا يقرأه عندما يخلو بنفسه أو منكبا يكتب مذكرة لجهة ما أو تقريرا لنشاط قام به ويرسله إلى زملاءه ليكونوا على اطلاع منظم بكل ما يقوم به لم يكن يركن إلى التقارير الشفوية التي كان التعامل بها صفه سائدة في الساحة حينها، أو تجده يكتب يومياته وانطباعاته كل يوم يسجل فيها كل ما جرى في يومه يقرءا كل الصحف التي تصدر في البلد الذي يقيم فيه حتى لو أيام معدودة ليعرف ما يجرى في العالم حينها كانت الصحف والإذاعات هي مصدر إخبار العالم الرئيسية. كانت الآلة الكاتبة الصغيرة برفقته دائما يطبع عليها المذكرات الرسمية حتى لو كان على الطائرة مسافرا، كان باختصار شعلة من نشاط لم يكن يستسلم للدعة والكسل الذيذ في أوقات فراغه بل يستغل كل دقيقة من وقته في عمل نضالي حتى تحين ساعة نومه كأنه في سباق مع الزمن يكون قبلها قد صلى صلاة الليل وقراء القران ونام ليصحو مع صلاة الفجر ويبدأ يومه بقراءة القران بعد الصلاة بعدها يبدأ دورة عمله النضالي اليومي. كان سبي مثالا للإنسان المناضل المثقف الذي يحمل هموم شعبه إنما حل لم تكن متع الدنيا تشغل باله كثيرا عكس ما كان شائعا عند أغلب الناس نتيجة الدعاية من قبل خصومه السياسيين.
من أقواله
من أقواله في الصحف والمجلات:
" ان جبهة التحرير نشـأت في عام 1960 بين الجاليات الإرترية في الخارج والتي فرضت عليها الهجرة بأسا ليب الابادة الجماعية والارض المحروقة التي استخدمها الامبراطور الإثيوبي ضد شعبنا. بدأت الجبهة بعدد اصابع اليد الواحدة من الرجال واسلحة بدون ذخيرة وفي الشهور الثلاثة الاولى كان كل ما تمكنا من فعله هو جمع بعض المال حوالي 500 جنيهه سوداني تبرع بها عمال من السعودية والسودان، اشترينا بها تسعة ينادق إيطالية قديمة واذكر ان بعض الارترين ارسلوا من داخل إرتريا إلى الثوار رشاشتين اثنين وبندقية أمريكية الصنع وسبع قنابل يدوية وهذه الأشياء رغم بساطتها كانت تشكل حينذاك قوة دفع ضخمة، فالرشاش كان بالنسبة لنا حلما، وفي تلك الفترة باع عمال إرتريا كل مايملكون من منقولات لتمويل انطلاقتنا الاولى ولن ننسى ذلك العامل إلى جلب لى بذلته، والاخرين الذين باعوا اسرتهم وناموا على الارض كل ذلك من اجل تحرير الوطن."
" ان حل الخلافات الإرترية يكمن في الاعتراف الصريح بواقع التكوين السكاني المتعدد الأديان والثقافة واللهجات، ليس لتكريس التعدد, فالذي بنشد الوحدة لا يدعو إلى التعدد، وانما يفتش عن الدواء المناسب بعد معرفة الداء فالطبيب لايبحث عن العلة لذاتها وانما لمعالجتها معالجتة صحيحة "
" انا ديمقراطي وليبرالي اؤمن بضرورة تعدد الاراء والأحزاب لصالح التطور الطبيعي للمجتمع، خصومي هم خصوم هذه الأفكار الذين يؤمنون بالقمع والدكتاتورية."
"عروبتنا في إرتريا هي مصيبتنا ولكننا قابلون بها ولانرضى عنها بديلا نعتقد ان مسالة العروبه في إرتريا هي الاساس لانه لولاها لما كانت حاجة للثورة اصلا."
" ان إرتريا المستقلة في تلك الموقع الاستراتيجي الهام، وهي مع العرب اليوم وغدا والى الابد سوف يكون لها دورها في الشد على عنق العدو الصهيوني والمساهمة في خنقه."
" ان الثقافة العربية والإسلامية في إرتريا والقرن الأفريقي هي ثقافة مؤسسة منذ أكثر من الف عام في هذه المنطقة وليست جديدة بل عميقة الجذور.
" ان الدول الكبرى لاتريدنا لان الصراع يدور حول مسالة العروبة وخاصة عروبة البحر الأحمر."
" في أحد زياراتنا إلى روما سألونا الطليان مره : ماذا يعطيكم اليسار العربي ؟ قلنا الفتات قالوا ماذا يعطيكم اليمين العربي قلنا لا أكثر من اليسار فقالوا لماذا تصرون على التعامل مع العرب ؟ لماذا لا تتفاهمون مع إسرائيل ؟
قلنا لهم نفضل التعامل مع العرب لاننا عرب، فلا حاجز بيننا وبين الإثيوبيين سوى الثقافة.. اننا ننتمي إلى حضارة مختلفة وقد حارب الأحباش التعريب الف سنة."
And the dark night misses the full moon..
Anniversary of the martyrdom of leader osman saleh
04.04.1987
....
His birth and upbringing..
Osman Saleh was born in the village of burn in 1931 He joined the school school, which was opened in 1944, at the expense of the great philanthropist saleh Pasha Ahmed Kiki, who was one of the rich people of the time, and was interested in education where he opened classes for boys and girls at that school. It also opened an industrial section. Osman Saleh's lesson in this school is the primary and medium stages. At the expense of Bashaw Saleh Kiki, he studied high school in Addis Ababa and then joined the teacher s' college there, as well. Upon His return from Addis Ababa, he was appointed a professor at the school in which he studied in burn. In the early s, he was appointed director of the same school.
His interest in education and political consciousness
During the study study in Addis Ababa, many of the oppressed and marginalized nationalities of Ethiopia, such as oromo, kittens, Somalis and others, were identified. In cooperation with them, they have established the "Association of boutonniere" to defend their rights. In this climate, his political consciousness began to grow. They wrote a covenant and a pact with their blood, which is their principles to defend their rights. Osman sby has been interested in education since he was a professor and director of Kiki Pasha's school in burn. When he saw that educational opportunities in eritrea were almost non-existent as a result of Ethiopian politics, he started smuggling some of his students from a burning village to Egypt These students were sent to the Sudan in secret, where the Muslim brothers were there to receive them and facilitate their travel to Egypt for education.
His departure from eritrea and the founding of the front.
In spite of what master osman sby was doing to educate and educate the sons of Eritrea, he felt that the case he was involved in needed to expand the scope of movement and action, so he came out of a burning nerve, and there was work for almost a year as Awards is a foreign company that was engaged in the export and import of goods through the port of assab, and from that station he left across the sea towards Yemen, which unleashed his bounced to Jeddah, which moved to the somali capital of mogadishu in 1960 and there are Somali friendship society, and there is also a strong relationship with the Sheikh, the late leader idriss Mohamed Adam, and they have both obtained the first diplomatic passports granted by Somalia to the atrians and opened the door to the atrians to carry the Somali passports, and from that station, The Eritrean liberation front that put the entire eritrean people in front of a new history of tournaments and feats.
Then Osman sby went to Saudi Arabia and Egypt, where he met with throwback and others. Prior to his arrival, Cairo was witnessing an active political movement of the requests students, which emerged from the first statement of the birth of the nucleus of an armed popular revolution for the liberation of al-Eritrea, called the front liberation front (front) in November 1960 I As a result of the lack of students and the lack of political experience, a higher council for leadership of the front led by the National Leader Idriss Mohamed Adam, Osman Osman say, Secretary-General and Osman Saleh me, was established for external relations and Revolution Affairs, which was A political politician embracing armed struggle is a path to independence.
Osman and the beginning of armed struggle
Osman sby is the teacher and leader, first eritrean diplomat. The Armed struggle has been ignited by the support of the first-Shot Knight of the first bullet - this is how we count it and do not count on anyone - Hamid Idris., whose bullet was declared to close the curtain of peaceful struggle, and with the E, September 1961, 1961
In spite of the uncertainty about the beginning of the strike, and the revolutions of the revolution, the confirmed sources of Mujahid Hamid, accompanied by seven men, to deter the injustice of the eritrean people, the weapon reached them from leader osman fit, and The late eritrean liberation front (EDF), Idriss Mohamed Adam, forgave them for their mercy. They agreed on the source of the weapon, which was bought from the yemeni market seven months before the start date. He wrote " militant with the eritrean revolution " to Mujahid Mohammad Sheikh Mare, explaining the story :" she stayed about three months in aden, and then he attended Idris Osman, he met me osman and explained to me all the important details and He told me their intention to move to and from Somalia to Iraq to receive weapons from the governor of Iraq at that time, President Abdul Karim Kassem, and to bring these weapons to aden, where I transfer them to the sea And I was waiting for them until they came back, but without where they were with the weapon....... at this time it was with Osman a letter from campaigner hamid idriss., requesting immediate periods, and Osman was promised on the promise of the president. Iraq. Osman asked me to find a solution as I have knowledge in aden, as well as he knew that I had an account at the Indian bank in aden, and he asked me to buy the weapon from my own money so that he would not be exposed to military command, and I pay a part, and he bears the remaining part, and the part that osman had to pay, my friend pushed him.., and that's on bail for him to pay osman later. After the agreement, we went to the sanctuary of dar saad, with Idris Mohamed Adam, osman sby and the mediator, and then examined the weapons. After confirming its validity, we bought five 4-Year-old abu rifles and 4 bullets. Idriss Mohamed Adam expressed his desire to transfer the weapon because he had a diplomatic passport, carrying the weapon in his diplomatic pouch, and he stayed with me, Osman and asked not to travel empty-handed, and I bought out of my own pocket (7) pistols Gun (42) bullet ".
Only seven months later, the armed Revolution LED by Mujahid Hamid Idriss. was able to escalate the armed struggle within eritrea. The start at "sby" was the first tactical phase of diplomacy, which was ignited by the movement between aden, Damascus and Beirut in the first two axes of political and military support, and the second media in Beirut Station, which witnessed the second attempt to buy pistols and grenades In the vision of a leader's strategy to publicize the eritrean case through the organization to punish the occupier by kidnapping his planes that form an economic column if it is destroyed, the loss is large, and it will not be greater than psychological trauma when the Ethiopian Imperial Security is defeated Strong enough to protect his plane. The bombing of the 707 Boeing 707 Ethiopian passenger aircraft at Frankfurt airport in west Germany was a hot media sensation with the Ethiopian entity and losses amounted to $ 15 million.
Leader me and his companions were able to turn the march march from military action only to the prospects of a comprehensive revolution and then to a government representing an independent state in all its ark that it had a modern army of modern weapons unless some states were available and dominated. In the countryside, the eritrean country is in stages in most cities and organs that deal with all the requirements of life from education, health, Social Affairs, care for families of combatants, judiciary, security, employment facilities and accommodation for buyers abroad, particularly Arab states. Representation in grass-roots organizations from trade unions in all areas is in most international trade unions and all Arab forums.
His endeavours for the eritrean case.
He was able to withdraw the recognition of the revolution from regional and international organizations such as the league of Arab States (1981) and the organization of the Islamic Conference (1981) and at the refugee level, establishing the education system in 1976, spreading Through him to send hundreds if not thousands of students across the globe to receive knowledge and science.
He wrote it.
Master Osman was one of the revolutionary intellectuals, in addition to being known as intelligence, commitment and ability in dialogue, he also knew of his interest in writing, printing, translating and encouraging various research on the various aspects of eritrea and was considered to be his predecessor (history of One of the most important books on the history of Eritrea, and in addition to this book, has four other valuable literature: the geography of Eritrea, the Sudan's relationship with Ethiopia throughout history, and the conflict in the red sea basin throughout history and roots. Eritrean differences and ways to address them.
This is in addition to dozens of studies and articles written by martyr in various eritrean, Arab and global newspapers and magazines. Master Osman Saleh of the eritrean national conscience has instilled the importance of steadfastness in science, its fruits and the burden of generations of education established in its arab culture despite the winds of change. One of its fruits and burden is an identity that refuses to belong to any entity outside the identity of the human being, the land and the blood of the martyrs in a single unit, with It was a combination of those concerned, in which one is rarely found in the character of a rebel who is overwhelmed by its power, its strength, its firmness, its firmness, its zeal, its feet and its enthusiasm for the human being, his forgiveness, his grace and The one who doesn't leave his lips in the face of those who find him big or small, a leader or an ordinary, generous soldier who doesn't want to meet a special need that he did not fight for without us and no harm as long as he is able to I
His culture and features from his timeline
Osman me was an intellectual culture that often found him with a book that he read when he was free of himself or a salesman who wrote a note for an effort or a report of an activity he made and sent to his colleagues to be informed of everything he was doing. He didn't park on the oral reports that he was dealing with in the yard then, or found him writing his journals and impressions every day he recorded everything that happened on his day reading all the newspapers in the country where he lived even if A few days to find out what was going on in the world, then newspapers and radios were the source of the world's main news The little typewriter with him always printed the official notes, even if he was on the plane, he was in short a flame of an activity that did not give in to the delicious the and laziness in his spare time, but he used every minute of his time in the work His hour of sleep is as if he was in a race with time before he prayed for the night prayer and read the Qur 'an and slept to wake up with the prayer of dawn and start his day reading the Qur' an It was an example of an educated man who holds the concerns of his own people, but a solution that has not been so much on his mind, contrary to what was common to most people as a result of
From his statement.
In the newspapers and magazines:
" the liberation front was established in 1960 between eritrean communities abroad that were forced to migrate by the methods of genocide and the scorched earth used by the Ethiopian Emperor against our people. The front began with the number of fingers of men and weapons without ammunition, and in the first three months, all we could do was raise some money about 500 Sudanese soldiers donated by workers from Saudi Arabia and the Sudan. Some of the mga were sent from inside the eritrea to the rebels, two rasha, an American rifle and seven hand grenades, and these things, despite their simplicity, were then a huge push-up force. All the their of chattels to finance our first launch and we will not forget that worker to bring me his suit, the others who sold their family and slept on the ground all for the liberation of home."
" the resolution of differences disputes lies in the explicit recognition of the reality of Multi-religious, culture, and dialects, not to perpetuate pluralism, which is not called for polygamy, but to search for the right medicine after the disease is known. " the cause of her self, but to treat her right
" I am a Democrat and a liberal I believe in the need for a plurality of views and parties in favour of the natural development of society, my opponents are the opponents of these ideas who believe
" our bride in eritrea is our plight, but we are capable of it, and we do not accept it as an alternative. We believe that the question of the bride in eritrea is the foundation because if it was
" an independent eritrea in that important strategic site, which is with the Arabs today and tomorrow and forever will have its role in screwing up the neck of the Zionist enemy and contributing to his neck."
" the Arab and Islamic culture in eritrea and the horn of Africa has been a culture for more than a thousand years in this region, not new but deep-rooted.
" the great powers do not want us because the conflict is about the issue of Arabs, especially the red sea."
" in one of our visits to Rome, the Italians asked us once: We told the crumbs they said what give you the Arab right we said no more than the left they said why do you insist on dealing Why don't you understand Israel?
We told them we prefer to deal with the Arabs because we are Arabs, there is no barrier between us and the ethiopians but culture.. We belong to a different civilization and have fought ạlạḥbạsẖ arabization a thousand
